All Courses

Mathematics 7th Grade (1st semester)

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Mathematics 7th Grade teaches skills essential to adult life and lays the groundwork for future mathematics courses. Students learn to apply their work with rational numbers and integers to everyday situations. Students convert words to expressions and vice versa, using equations and inequalities as problem-solving tools. They compute tax, percentage of error, commission, and interest by using rates, ratios, and proportions; graph ordered pairs; and graph and write linear equations. Their work with simple figures – triangles, angles, circles, quadrilaterals, and polygons – focuses on finding areas and perimeters. Students then move on to scale drawings and composite figures composed of simple figures, and compute the volumes and surface areas of solids, including prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres. Students collect data and use graphs, charts, and diagrams to read, interpret, and display the data. They also learn how graphs can be misleading. Students apply the study of sampling and populations to applications involving probability, likely and unlikely outcomes, permutations, combinations, and compound events. Students then represent these concepts by using Venn diagrams and charts, tools they will encounter in other courses. Course Breakdown Integers Fractions Rational numbers Operations with rational numbers Properties of addition Properties of multiplication Order of operations Squares and square roots Algebraic powers and exponents Rules of exponents Rewriting and simplifying algebraic expressions Solving one-step equations Solving two-step equations Solving inequalities by using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division Graphing linear inequalities Ratios, rates, and proportions Percentage change Percentage error Sales tax and commission Simple interest Relations and functions Graphing ordered pairs Graphing linear equations Slope Slope-intercept form Writing linear equations Course Goals Convert between percentages, decimals, and fractions. Simplify expressions involving fractions. Utilize the laws of exponents to simplify algebraic expressions. Identify and combine like terms in an expression. Translate statements into algebraic expressions. Solve various types of one-variable equations. Construct and solve inequalities to represent real-world problems. Identify the slopes and y-intercepts of equations in order to graph them.

Mathematics 7th Grade (2nd semester)

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Mathematics 7th Grade teaches skills essential to adult life and lays the groundwork for future mathematics courses. Students learn to apply their work with rational numbers and integers to everyday situations. Students convert words to expressions and vice versa, using equations and inequalities as problem-solving tools. They compute tax, percentage of error, commission, and interest by using rates, ratios, and proportions; graph ordered pairs; and graph and write linear equations. Their work with simple figures – triangles, angles, circles, quadrilaterals, and polygons – focuses on finding areas and perimeters. Students then move on to scale drawings and composite figures composed of simple figures, and compute the volumes and surface areas of solids, including prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres. Students collect data and use graphs, charts, and diagrams to read, interpret, and display the data. They also learn how graphs can be misleading. Students apply the study of sampling and populations to applications involving probability, likely and unlikely outcomes, permutations, combinations, and compound events. Students then represent these concepts by using Venn diagrams and charts, tools they will encounter in other courses. Course Breakdown Rate of change Direct variation Proportionality and equations Measuring angles Types of angles Line and angle relationships Congruent figures Similar figures Scale drawings Indirect measurement Classifying triangles Areas of triangles Similar triangles Congruent triangles Circles Area and circumference of a circle Quadrilaterals Polygons Composite figures Surface areas of prisms and cylinders Surface areas of pyramids and cones Volumes of prisms, cylinders, pyramids, and cones Spheres Similar solids Line of best fit Central tendency Variation Stem-and-leaf plots Histograms Box-and-whisker plots Populations and samples Sampling methods Probability Permutations and combinations Compound events Venn diagrams Independent and dependent events Course Goals Identify types of angles and their measures. Determine whether two figures are similar by creating proportions. Construct proportions to find the measures of figures drawn to scale. Calculate the areas and circumferences of circles. Calculate the surface areas and volumes of three-dimensional figures. Create various types of statistical graphs to model sets of data. Determine the probabilities of multiple events. Interpret charts to determine probabilities.

Mathematics 7th Grade [Credit Recovery]

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Mathematics 7th Grade teaches skills essential to adult life and lays the groundwork for future mathematics courses. Students learn to apply their work with rational numbers and integers to everyday situations. Students convert words to expressions and vice versa, using equations and inequalities as problem-solving tools. They compute tax, percentage of error, commission, and interest by using rates, ratios, and proportions; graph ordered pairs; and graph and write linear equations. Their work with simple figures – triangles, angles, circles, quadrilaterals, and polygons – focuses on finding areas and perimeters. Students then move on to scale drawings and composite figures composed of simple figures, and compute the volumes and surface areas of solids, including prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres. Students collect data and use graphs, charts, and diagrams to read, interpret, and display the data. They also learn how graphs can be misleading. Students apply the study of sampling and populations to applications involving probability, likely and unlikely outcomes, permutations, combinations, and compound events. Students then represent these concepts by using Venn diagrams and charts, tools they will encounter in other courses. Course Breakdown GCF and LCM Fractions, decimals, and percentages Ratios and rates Algebraic operations of equality Evaluating and simplifying expressions Direct variation Similar figures Triangles Quadrilaterals and polygons Central tendency Surface area and volume Displaying data Probability Course Goals Create equivalent fractions, decimals, and percentages. Simplify expressions by utilizing rules of exponents. Solve equations by various means. Solve and graph inequalities. Graph equations by identifying their slopes and y-intercepts. Identify missing side lengths and the scale factor of similar figures. Solve for the missing angle measure of a triangle. Identify the areas of various types of quadrilaterals. Construct various types of data plots for sets of data. Determine the probabilities of multiple events.

Mathematics 8th Grade (1st semester)

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Mathematics 8th Grade helps students to see the power of mathematics in everyday life. The course begins with a review of percentages and proportions, applying these concepts to conversion factors and emphasizing English and metric measurements. Work with linear equations includes computing rates of change, finding intercepts, graphing linear functions, and describing the action of a line. Number patterns and sequences foster a study of arithmetic and geometric means as students learn to find missing terms in sequences. An investigation of the Cartesian plane teaches students how to work with scale drawings, dilations, and graphs. Students learn about the properties of triangles, the Pythagorean Theorem, and the properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal. With pie charts, bar graphs, histograms, scatter plots, and other linear models, students explore probability and make predictions and correlations. Students apply the concepts of independent and dependent events, odds, combinations, permutations, and factorials to situations ranging from playing cards to determining the number of different outfits they have in their closets. Course Breakdown Exponents Scientific notation Operations with fractions Rational numbers Proportions Radicals Percentages Unit conversions Solving equations that represent a line Perimeter and area Volume and surface area Scale factor The coordinate plane and graphing Course Goals Apply basic exponent properties to simplify expressions. Simplify rational expressions involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division. Simplify radical expressions. Convert between English and metric units. Construct and evaluate direct variation equations. Identify the areas and perimeters of two-dimensional figures. Calculate the volumes and surface areas of three-dimensional figures. Determine the dimensions of a figure, given a scale factor

Mathematics 8th Grade (2nd semester)

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Mathematics 8th Grade helps students to see the power of mathematics in everyday life. The course begins with a review of percentages and proportions, applying these concepts to conversion factors and emphasizing English and metric measurements. Work with linear equations includes computing rates of change, finding intercepts, graphing linear functions, and describing the action of a line. Number patterns and sequences foster a study of arithmetic and geometric means as students learn to find missing terms in sequences. An investigation of the Cartesian plane teaches students how to work with scale drawings, dilations, and graphs. Students learn about the properties of triangles, the Pythagorean Theorem, and the properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal. With pie charts, bar graphs, histograms, scatter plots, and other linear models, students explore probability and make predictions and correlations. Students apply the concepts of independent and dependent events, odds, combinations, permutations, and factorials to situations ranging from playing cards to determining the number of different outfits they have in their closets. Course Breakdown Sequences Slope Graphs of lines Systems of linear equations Linear inequalities Angles formed by a transversal Triangles Distance between two points Similar figures Congruent triangles Data displays Statistics Probability Counting techniques Course Goals Identify missing terms in sequences. Determine the slope of a line, given a graph or a pair of points. Construct and solve systems of equations using a variety of solution methods. Identify the types and measures of angles in a given image. Perform transformations on figures. Identify the postulate which proves a pair of triangles congruent. Construct various types of statistical graphs to model sets of data. Determine the probabilities of multiple events.

Mathematics 8th Grade [Credit Recovery]

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Mathematics 8th Grade helps students to see the power of mathematics in everyday life. The course begins with a review of percentages and proportions, applying these concepts to conversion factors and emphasizing English and metric measurements. Work with linear equations includes computing rates of change, finding intercepts, graphing linear functions, and describing the action of a line. Number patterns and sequences foster a study of arithmetic and geometric means as students learn to find missing terms in sequences. An investigation of the Cartesian plane teaches students how to work with scale drawings, dilations, and graphs. Students learn about the properties of triangles, the Pythagorean Theorem, and the properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal. With pie charts, bar graphs, histograms, scatter plots, and other linear models, students explore probability and make predictions and correlations. Students apply the concepts of independent and dependent events, odds, combinations, permutations, and factorials to situations ranging from playing cards to determining the number of different outfits they have in their closets. Course Breakdown Exponents and scientific notation Operations with rational numbers Percentages and proportions Linear equations Surface area and volume Sequences Graphing linear functions Solving systems of equations Solving linear inequalities Triangle theorems Geometric transformations Data displays Probability Course Goals Simplify algebraic expressions by utilizing exponent properties. Evaluate expressions with rational numbers. Simplify radical expressions. Solve linear equations by using various strategies. Identify missing terms in arithmetic and geometric sequences. Identify the slopes and intercepts of linear equations in order to graph them. Solve systems of linear equations by utilizing numerous strategies. Determine the measures of missing exterior and interior angles. Perform transformations on figures. Determine the probabilities of multiple events.

Microeconomics [Competency Based] (1st semester)

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Microeconomics teaches students about the structure of economics and how it affects world events and people’s everyday lives. Upon completing this course, students have a better understanding of personal finance, the role and process of taxation, and the risks and rewards of investment. The course discusses the need for economic systems, examines the concepts of supply and demand and consumer theory, and evaluates past and present occupation trends. Students compare the mixed economies of various nations; learn about traditional, command, and market economies; and examine the role of government in regulating the economy. Course Breakdown Scarcity and choice Factors of production Laws of supply and demand Shifts in supply and demand Key economic questions The labor movement Scarcity and opportunity cost Profit and production Market economics Monopolies and oligopolies Entrepreneurship and partnerships Government and the economy Course Goals Explain that economics is about the allocation of scarce resources, that scarcity forces choice, that tradeoffs exist, and that every choice has an opportunity cost. Analyze how demand and supply for a good in a competitive market are determined and explain how demand and supply together determine equilibrium price. Analyze the roles and decisions of producers and consumers in a market. Analyze the role of prices in allocating scarce resources in market economies and explain the consequences of price controls. Explain how prices and outputs are determined in markets characterized by just one seller (monopolies), a few sellers (oligopolies), or many sellers of unique but similar products (monopolistic competition). Analyze the role of market failure in government decisions.

Middle School Algebra (1st semester)

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description How do you write, simplify, and solve equations? How can you display data so it can be easily interpreted and understood? In Algebra, students learn how to translate phrases into expressions, and sentences into equations and inequalities, expressing them in their simplest forms. Students find solutions to equations by graphing them on number lines or on the coordinate plane. Students learn the value of finding the best tool for the job as they acquire different strategies to use in various situations, such as finding the slope of a line, solving a system of equations or inequalities, or factoring polynomials. Building on this knowledge, students apply transformations to polynomial functions, explore inverses and one-to-one functions, and examine exponential and logarithmic functions. Work in statistics includes organizing and analyzing data; making stem-and-leaf plots; finding mean, mode, and median; making box-and-whisker plots; and recognizing misleading graphs. At the completion of this course, students are prepared for additional math courses in middle and high school. Course Breakdown Real number operations Algebraic expressions and equations Order of operations Real number properties Translating and solving linear equations Percentage, distance, rate, time, and mixture formulas Writing, graphing, and solving linear inequalities Graphing relationships Inverses of functions Properties of graphs Rates of change Slope-intercept form Point-slope form Solutions of systems of equations and inequalities Course Goals Apply the order of operations to evaluate expressions. Solve one-step and multistep equations using different operations. Solve one-step and multistep linear inequalities using different operations. Recognize functions and different aspects of their graphs. Interpret the different parts of slope-intercept and point-slope forms of equations. Demonstrate the ability to solve systems of equations using different methods.

Middle School Algebra (2nd semester)

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description How do you write, simplify, and solve equations? How can you display data so it can be easily interpreted and understood? In Algebra, students learn how to translate phrases into expressions, and sentences into equations and inequalities, expressing them in their simplest forms. Students find solutions to equations by graphing them on number lines or on the coordinate plane. Students learn the value of finding the best tool for the job as they acquire different strategies to use in various situations, such as finding the slope of a line, solving a system of equations or inequalities, or factoring polynomials. Building on this knowledge, students apply transformations to polynomial functions, explore inverses and one-to-one functions, and examine exponential and logarithmic functions. Work in statistics includes organizing and analyzing data; making stem-and-leaf plots; finding mean, mode, and median; making box-and-whisker plots; and recognizing misleading graphs. At the completion of this course, students are prepared for additional math courses in middle and high school. Course Breakdown Solving systems of equations and inequalities Applications of systems of equations and inequalities Properties of exponents Simplifying polynomials Factoring trinomials and binomials Identifying quadratic functions Graphing quadratic functions Solving quadratic equations Applications of quadratic functions Exponential and logarithmic functions Sequences Trigonometric functions Tables and graphs of central tendency Course Goals Utilize systems of equations to solve application problems. Simplify polynomials using multiple operations. Apply the different methods of factoring polynomials. Apply different methods of solving quadratic equations based on a given context. Investigate different types of functions, such as exponential, sine, cosine, and tangent functions. Interpret and evaluate various displays of data.

Physical Science (MS) (1st semester)

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Physical Science (MS) is an interactive and engaging course that introduces students to the sciences of chemistry and physics. The course begins with a unit on the nature of science and a review of measurement. Students will explore the principles of experimental design. Students apply these skills to the science of physics by describing the concepts of motion, force, work, and energy. Students apply their knowledge of these topics through problems, explanations, graphs, and virtual lab activities. The course proceeds with the study of chemical principles, exposing students to topics such as the properties of matter, the structure of the atom, the formation of bonds, and the properties of solutions. They will examine how humans apply these processes in using resources and the pollution that often results. Course Breakdown Scientists of the past Scientists of the future Hypothesis Analyzing data The scientific method Theory vs. law The metric system Lab equipment Accuracy vs. precision Motion Velocity and acceleration Forces Three laws of motion Contact vs. non-contact forces Friction Gravity F = ma Mass and weight Energy and work Machines Potential and kinetic energy Electricity Circuits Waves Reflection and refraction Absorption and dispersion Course Goals Explain the origins of science and how it has developed. Distinguish between velocity and acceleration. Identify how to apply the scientific method. Describe the importance of Newton's Three Laws of Motion. Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy. Analyze the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and velocity. Explain how friction affects motion.

Physical Science (MS) (2nd semester)

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Physical Science (MS) is an interactive and engaging course that introduces students to the sciences of chemistry and physics. The course begins with a unit on the nature of science and a review of measurement. Students will explore the principles of experimental design. Students apply these skills to the science of physics by describing the concepts of motion, force, work, and energy. Students apply their knowledge of these topics through problems, explanations, graphs, and virtual lab activities. The course proceeds with the study of chemical principles, exposing students to topics such as the properties of matter, the structure of the atom, the formation of bonds, and the properties of solutions. They will examine how humans apply these processes in using resources and the pollution that often results. Course Breakdown Matter Temperature Solids, liquids, and gases Density Water Evaporation Deposition Phase changes Elements The periodic table Compounds Alloys Solutions and solubility Suspensions Atoms Atomic numbers Electron shells Bonds Mass and weight Reactions in the human body Exothermic vs. endothermic reactions Activation energy Catalysts Enzymes Oxidation and reduction reactions Acids and bases The carbon cycle Recycling Course Goals Describe the phases of matter. Analyze the importance of water. Describe phase changes. Recognize the elements and sections of the periodic table. Describe the components of the atom. Analyze chemical bonds. Differentiate between endothermic and exothermic reactions. Explain the importance of enzymes, catalysts, and activation energy. Describe the importance of recycling.

Physical Science [Competency Based] (1st semester)

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Physical Science is an interactive and engaging course that covers the sciences of chemistry and physics. The course begins with a unit on the nature of science and a review of measurement and its importance. The course proceeds with the study of chemical principles, exposing students to topics such as the properties of matter, the structure of the atom, the formation of bonds, and the properties of solutions. The course then moves to the science of physics, describing the topics of motion, force, work, and energy. Students apply their knowledge of these topics through problems, explanations, graphs, and virtual lab activities. Course Breakdown The scientific method SI units of measure Elements Mixtures Matter Pressure Atomic mass Bohr models Electrons Periodic table Atoms Ionization Covalent bonds Polarity Chemical equations and reactions Oxidation-reduction reactions Physical and chemical equilibrium Dissolution, solubility, and solution concentration Proton donation and acceptance Acids and bases Fossil fuels Carbon Photosynthesis and cellular respiration Monomers and polymers Nuclear decay, nuclear radiation, and nuclear fission Course Goals Analyze the scientific method. Describe how bias and objectivity can influence the scientific community. Apply the use of scales, graphs, tables, and data when performing research. Describe the importance of temperature, phase change, and the various types of pressure. Learn about the atomic theory and atomic mass. Describe the effects of ionic bonds and ionization. Demonstrate how to balance chemical equations. Analyze chemical and oxidation-reduction reactions. Learn about reaction rates and the factors that affect reaction rates. Demonstrate an understanding of the similarities and differences between acids and bases.

Physical Science [Competency Based] (2nd semester)

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Physical Science is an interactive and engaging course that covers the sciences of chemistry and physics. The course begins with a unit on the nature of science and a review of measurement and its importance. The course proceeds with the study of chemical principles, exposing students to topics such as the properties of matter, the structure of the atom, the formation of bonds, and the properties of solutions. The course then moves to the science of physics, describing the topics of motion, force, work, and energy. Students apply their knowledge of these topics through problems, explanations, graphs, and virtual lab activities. Course Breakdown Frames of reference Distance and displacement Speed and velocity Types of acceleration Forces and their effects on motion Projectiles Newton's Three Laws of Motion Momentum, impulse, and collision Electromagnetic forces Newton's Laws of Universal Gravitation Force, work, and power Machines and their advantages Kinetic and potential energy Levers Energy conservation Thermal energy Conduction, convection, and radiation Thermal insulation Laws of thermodynamics Heat engines Wave types and motion Light, color, and electromagnetic spectrum Telescopes and microscopes Electric forces, fields, and charges Circuits Magnetic forces and charges Magnetic fields Electromagnetism Home electricity and alternate energy sources Course Goals Describe how frames of reference are used to measure motion. Demonstrate how to measure speed, including measuring it by utilizing the slope of an object. Learn about reaction rates and the factors that affect reaction rates. Demonstrate an understanding of Newton's Three Laws of Motion. Analyze how energy is conserved in conversions between kinetic energy and potential energy. Describe ways to conserve energy resources. Describe conduction, convection, and radiation and identify which of these is occurring in a given situation. Learn how to apply the law of energy and laws of thermodynamics. Identify factors that affect the amount of refraction, diffraction, or interference. Describe the properties of sound waves and explain how sound is produced and reproduced.

Physical Science [Credit Recovery]

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Physical Science is an interactive and engaging course that covers the sciences of chemistry and physics. The course begins with a unit on the nature of science and a review of measurement and its importance. The course proceeds with the study of chemical principles, exposing students to topics such as the properties of matter, the structure of the atom, the formation of bonds, and the properties of solutions. The course then moves to the science of physics, describing the topics of motion, force, work, and energy. Students apply their knowledge of these topics through problems, explanations, graphs, and virtual lab activities. Course Breakdown The scientific method Data analysis Pure substances and mixtures Chemical and physical properties Phase changes Gas laws Atomic structure Electron arrangement Chemical bonding Chemical reactions Formation of solutions Acids and bases Organic chemicals Nuclear chemistry Distance and displacement Speed and velocity Acceleration Projectiles Newton's three laws of motion Momentum and collisions Work and power Machines and their advantages Kinetic and potential energy Thermodynamics Wave motion Electrical circuits Course Goals Explore the foundations of science, including the scientific methods and data analysis. Compare and contrast physical and chemical processes, including phase transitions and gas laws. Describe the structure of atom and how the arrangement of electrons affects the properties of the elements and their combining to make compounds. Distinguish among chemical reactions, nuclear reactions, and the dissolving of materials to make solutions. Summarize the nature of organic compounds and fossil fuels. Apply the terms velocity, acceleration, displacement, and time in linear and curved systems. Apply and utilize Newton's laws of motion for a linear system. Analyze energy and momentum conservation principles. Describe work and power and the functioning of simple machines. Summarize how energy is transferred in the form of heat, waves, and electricity.

Physics (Competency Based) (2nd semester)

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Physics is designed to provide students with an overview of traditional physics and the latest research in the field. Beginning with Newtonian mechanics, students learn that every object is acted upon by multiple predictable forces. The course moves on to investigate the laws of thermodynamics, covering fluid mechanics and the relationship between matter and energy. The course also explores the various models used to explain and apply the universal forces of electricity and magnetism. Students learn the characteristics of waves and the basics of optics before the final set of lessons on atomic physics. Here, students review the characteristics of the atom and its elemental particles and apply their knowledge to modern physics. Topics in this course will be reinforced through interactive, online lab assignments. Course Breakdown Electrostatics Units and movement of charges Coulomb's law Electric and electromotive forces Ohm's law DC and AC voltage current Energy costs Magnetic force Magnetic fields Magnetic flux Lenz's law Faraday's law Waves and wave motion The wave equation Applications of sound The Doppler effect Types of interference in waves Two-slit experiment Mirrors and magnification Snell's law Total internal reflection Law of reflection Law of refraction Proper time and length Speed of light The emission spectrum Quantum numbers Course Goals Describe the properties of electrical charges and their motions as influenced by electric fields and forces. Analyze a circuit schematic to determine the circuit's properties and quantities. Extend knowledge of electrostatic and electromotive systems to usage of energy. Determine the properties of magnetic systems and apply them to electromagnetic induction. Describe the properties of different waves and the relationships between them. Analyze interactions of waves with each other and with matter. Describe the principles of reflection and refraction as applied to mirrors and lenses. Analyze the principles of relativity as applied to motion close to the speed of light. Describe the methods used to determine the properties of subatomic particles.

Physics [Competency Based] (1st semester)

$250.00
Rated 0 out of 5
Course Description Physics is designed to provide students with an overview of traditional physics and the latest research in the field. Beginning with Newtonian mechanics, students learn that every object is acted upon by multiple predictable forces. The course moves on to investigate the laws of thermodynamics, covering fluid mechanics and the relationship between matter and energy. The course also explores the various models used to explain and apply the universal forces of electricity and magnetism. Students learn the characteristics of waves and the basics of optics before the final set of lessons on atomic physics. Here, students review the characteristics of the atom and its elemental particles and apply their knowledge to modern physics. Topics in this course will be reinforced through interactive, online lab assignments. Course Breakdown Frames of reference Distance and displacement Speed and velocity Types of acceleration Forces and their effect on motion Satellite and projectile motion Newton’s Three Laws of Motion Pressure in different mediums Work and power Kinetic and potential energy Momentum and collisions Machines and their advantages Circular motion Simple harmonic motion Pendulums Kepler's laws Fluid dynamics Pascal, Archimedes, and Bernoulli Temperature scales Heat and energy transfer Specific heat capacity and entropy Four laws of thermodynamics Course Goals Apply the principles of kinematics to one-dimensional motion and two-dimensional systems. Apply Newton's Laws of Motion to forces and related quantities in linear systems. Analyze conservation principles as applied to energy and momentum. Distinguish between multiple types of simple machines and their properties. Distinguish circular motion from linear motion. Relate concepts of simple harmonic motion to pendulums and planetary systems of motion. Analyze fluid dynamics systems using the principles developed by Bernoulli, Pascal, and Archimedes. Apply the laws of thermodynamics to heat and energy.